Mastering A&P 18 - QuizletHub (2023)

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Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood?left ventricle right atrium left atrium right ventricle

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right atrium

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The right side of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump.TrueFalse

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false

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Cardiac tamponade results in ineffective pumping of blood by the heart because the excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity will______.prevent the visceral layer of the serous pericardium from properly surrounding the heartprevent the heart from filling properly with bloodprevent proper oxygenation of the bloodinterfere with the ability of this fluid to lubricate the serous membranes

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prevent the heart from filling properly with blood

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What causes heart sounds?heart valve closureblood flowing from the atria into the ventriclespressure of blood in the ventriclesopening of heart valves

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heart valve closure

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The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.TrueFalse

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true

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What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells?trabaculae carneaechordae tendineaeanastomosesintercalated discs

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intercalated discs

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Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.ventricular diastoleventricular systole

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ventricular diastole

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Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves.Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria.Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal.Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.

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Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.

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What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close?greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventriclehigher ventricular pressure than aortic pressureequal ventricular and aortic pressures

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greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle

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Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)?semilunar valves onlyboth semilunar and AV valvesAV valves only

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AV valves only

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In what direction does blood flow through the heart?from a region of high volume to a region of low volumefrom a region of high oxygen content to a region of low oxygen contentfrom ventricles to atriafrom a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure

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from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure

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Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle?isovolumetric relaxationatrial contractionventricular ejectionisovolumetric contraction

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atrial contraction

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At what point during the cardiac cycle does the AV valve close?View Available Hint(s)when the semilunar valve openswhen ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressurewhen aortic pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressurewhen ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure

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when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure

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At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve open?when the AV valve closeswhen atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressurewhen ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressurewhen ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure

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when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure

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Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle?ventricular fillingisovolumetric contractionisovolumetric relaxationventricular ejection

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ventricular ejection

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Isovolumetric relaxation is characterized by which of the following?Pressure in the ventricle exceeds pressure in the aorta.Pressure in the atrium exceeds pressure in the ventricle.Blood flows backward through the heart from high to low pressure.The semilunar and AV valves are closed.

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The semilunar and AV valves are closed.

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At what point in the cardiac cycle does the AV valve open?when the semilunar valve closeswhen ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressurewhen atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressurewhen aortic pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressureP

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when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure

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Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the depolarization wave received by the atria from the sinoatrial (SA) node?T wave S-T segment P wave QRS complex

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P wave

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What is the period during the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are completely closed and blood volume in them remains constant as the ventricles contract?ventricular filling ventricular ejection isovolumetric contraction phase isovolumetric relaxation phase

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isovolumetric contraction phase

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Which of the following increases stroke volume?decrease in preload decrease in end diastolic volume (EDV) exercise severe blood loss

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exercise

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Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?ectopic focusheart blockextrasystolearrhythmia

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extrasystole

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The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents __________.ventricular repolarizationventricular depolarizationatrial repolarizationatrial depolarization

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atrial depolarization

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What best describes afterload?cardiac reservecontractility of cardiac muscleback pressure exerted by arterial blooddegree of stretch of the heart muscle

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back pressure exerted by arterial blood

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The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?ventricular fillingisovolumetric relaxationventricular ejectionisovolumetric contraction

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isovolumetric relaxation

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As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.TrueFalse

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true

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The _____________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from above the diaphragm from areas of the upper body and extremities into the right atrium.

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superior vena cava

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The ______ carries oxygen-poor venous blood of the coronary circulation into the right atrium.

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coronary sinus

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The ___________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from below the diaphragm from the areas of the lower body and extremities into the right atrium.

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inferior vena cava

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Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat?View Available Hint(s)AV bundleInternodal pathwayAV nodeSA node

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SA node

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At what point in the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricles the highest (around 120 mm Hg in the left ventricle)?mid-to-late diastole (ventricular filling) ventricular systole early diastole (isovolumetric relaxation) mid-to-late diastole (atrial contraction)

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ventricular systole

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Which best describe the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?As ventricular systole start, the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are closed. Because the ventricles are contracting and both valves are closed, pressure increases rapidly leading to ejection.As pressure builds up in the ventricles during systole, the AV valves open and allow blood to leave the heart.As ventricular systole starts, the AV valves close, which immediately opens the semilunar valves.The pressure from the atrial contractions opens the semilunar valves.

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As ventricular systole start, the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are closed. Because the ventricles are contracting and both valves are closed, pressure increases rapidly leading to ejection.

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As your muscles contract during activity, more blood is returned to the heart. Which variable would be affected and what would be the outcome of this action?End-systolic volume would be increased, which would increase cardiac output.Preload would be increased, which would increase cardiac output.Contractility would be increased, which would increase cardiac output.Afterload would increase, which would increase cardiac output.

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Preload would be increased, which would increase cardiac output.

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Which chamber of the heart has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction?left atriumright atriumleft ventricleright ventricle

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left ventricle

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Select the correct statement about the heart valves.The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

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The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.

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The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.TrueFalse

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true

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If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched, oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs.TrueFalse

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true