Ch 26- Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance - QuizletHub (2023)

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question

Which of the following does NOT serve as a source of acids in the body?

answer

aerobic breakdown of glucose

question

The primary buffer of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is the __________.

answer

bicarbonate buffer system

question

Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be.

answer

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

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A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 55 mmHg, and HCO3¯ = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance?

answer

respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

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A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.5, pCO2 = 45 mmHg, and HCO3¯ = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance?

answer

metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

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A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 25 mmHg, and HCO3¯ = 18 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance?

answer

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

question

Diarrhea can lead to which acid/base disturbance? Assuming compensation, would it be a metabolic or respiratory compensation?

answer

metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

question

Emphysema can lead to which acid/base disturbance? What would be the compensation?

answer

respiratory acidosis; kidneys will retain more HCO3 and excrete H+

question

Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest?

answer

renal system

question

The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution?

answer

A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.

question

The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body. How does it work to decrease an acidosis?

answer

Carbonic acid is broken down into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled

question

In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following?

answer

The kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.

question

Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances?

answer

metabolic alkalosis

question

Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance?

answer

metabolic alkalosis

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Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the compensation?

answer

respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3

question

This chemical equation shows the reaction of a strong acid and weak base in the bicarbonate buffer system. Provide the products of the following reaction. HCl + NaHCO3.

answer

H2CO3 + NaCl

question

In order to buffer a strong acid into a weak acid, which has a less dramatic effect on pH, what chemical should be used as the buffer?

answer

weak base

question

The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is potassium.

answer

True

question

Electrolytes

answer

dissociate into ions in water

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Nonelectrolytes

answer

don't dissociate in solution due to bonds (usually covalent bonds)

question

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

answer

K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

answer

Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.

question

Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body.

answer

False

question

Electrolytes determine most of the chemical and physical reactions of body fluids.

answer

True

question

What results from increased levels of aldosterone?

answer

increased Na+ reabsorption

question

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.

answer

reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention

question

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?A) ADH B) aldosterone C) water levels D) glucocorticoids

answer

aldosterone

question

Although the sodium content of the body may be altered, its concentration in the ECF remains relatively stable because of immediate adjustments in water volume.

answer

True